Fdi Analysis - 3746 Words

Abstract On the basis of previous studies of foreign direct investment (FDI) in insurance services industries by Moshirian (1997 and 1999), this study applies the similar model and variable with those previous studies to present analysis and discussion about FDI in insurance services industries in America from 1987 to 1998. As the extension on prior studies, this study found that the relative wage rate of the US versus the source countries, and FDI in manufacturing industries both are highly important determinants of FDI in insurance services industries in America in statistic. However, this result is different from Moshirian’s (1997), due to majority of factors which are valued important in his study are unimportant in this study. The†¦show more content†¦After that, the model and the data of FDI in insurance services in the US would be explained. Furthermore, it would point out the different between the finding of this paper and the study of Mishirian(1997). Finally, the con clusion would summarize the result. 2. Literature review 2.1 FDI in General A huge amount of studies have already discuss or analysts the factors that stimulate the growth of FDI in insurance services in the US. That kind of studies mainly focus on the change in the total amount of FDI in the US. Moran(2003) declares that the size of the US market and development opportunities are the vital factors for developing the FDI in insurance services. On the other hand, Santis et al. (2004) suggest that the US exchange rate is highly influence the FDI in insurance services. 2.2 FDI in Banking According to empirical studies by Moshirian (2001), which discovered determinants of US FDI in banking industries, the primary factors which have influence on the activity of foreign banking in American includes the market volume of host country, the cost of investment capital cost, relative economic growth, bilateral trade, taxation, interest rates, exchange rates and FDI in non-finance industries. However, the study, which discriminates between the abroad activities of banks and FDI in banking by banks and non-banks, indicated that exchange rate is a crucial element of FDI expansion in banking because of currencies appreciates. In addition,Show MoreRelatedFdi Risk Analysis of Cuba2322 Words   |  10 PagesDianet Perez Garcia Politics of International Investment May 1, 2012 Foreign Direct Investment Risk Analysis on Cuba Background: Cuba is an island in the Caribbean. La Habana is the capital of Cuba and its biggest city. Cuba is not an industrialized country and it mainly consists of farms. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean and the most populated with a population of over 11 million people. Cuba is a totalitarian communist country and has been ruled by Fidel Castro since 1959. RaulRead MoreAn assignment on critical analysis of FDI policy and Import Export policy In Bangladesh5993 Words   |  24 Pageson critical analysis of FDI policy and ImportExport policy In Bangladesh MGT-405: International Business Submitted to: Mohammad Shariat Ullah Assistant Professor Department of Management University of Dhaka Submitted by: Tapash Chandra Paul Roll: 35 Section: A; Batch: 17th Department of Management University of Dhaka Submission Date: March 23, 2014 Table of Contents Pages No (A) Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh 1.0 Introduction 1.1 FDI and its Concepts 1.2 Importance of FDI 1.3 OpportunitiesRead MoreThe Effect Of Fdi Inflow On Exports1394 Words   |  6 Pagestime series data on Bangladesh from the WDI databank to find the impact of FDI inflow on exports. We’ve considered the time period from 1976. Bangladesh became independent in 1971. Just after birth, the nation adopted an import substitution trade policy. And consequently, discouraged export oriented industrialization. And FDI was forbidden till 1976. In 1976, Bangladesh took newer policies and thereby trade openness began. FDI also started to arrive. That’s why, we’ve excluded the years before 1976Read MoreEssay On Fdi836 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen collected from 2007-2016. However to make analysis between financial performance of FDI based Companies and Non FDI based Companies listed at BSE for 10 years has been considered. This study is based on secondary data. The required data have been collected from CMIE Prowess IQ data base.The tools used in the study are panel data Fix ed Effect Model, Random Effect Model, Hausman test and Chow test. The sample size is selected on the basis of FDI definition given by IMF i.e. if foreign shareholdingRead MoreIndia s Foreign Corporate Tax Rate961 Words   |  4 Pagesa relationship between India’s Foreign Corporate Tax Rate and India’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Through my research, we see that India’s foreign corporate tax rate affects its FDI negatively. The time period we will be looking at will be from 1997-2013, due to the limited data available. Furthermore, I will explore some policy improvements which may increase FDI in India. 1. Background FDI is defined as cross-border investment by a resident entity in one economy with the objective of obtainingRead MoreThe Net Inflow Of Fdi Into The Developing Countries1110 Words   |  5 PagesSample Data Figure 1 shows the net inflow of FDI into the developing countries. There is a fall into the amount of FDI going to the developing countries from late 1980 to early 1990 and in the late 2000. Overall, there is an upward trend of amount of FDI going to the developing countries. The same trend with ODA shown in Figure 2. The amount of Net ODA received by developing countries from 1990 to mid-1990 is fluctuating then continued to fall until 2000. From year 2000 onwards, there is a steadyRead Morec) State and discuss the empirical framework that underlies the relationship of the study. FDI= ÃŽ ²1900 Words   |  4 Pagesc) State and discuss the empirical framework that underlies the relationship of the study. FDI= ÃŽ ²1 + ÃŽ ²2 GDP + ÃŽ ²3 DT+ ÃŽ ²4EX+ ÃŽ µ Where FDI = Foreign Direct Investment ( RM Million) GDP = Gross Domestic Product (RM Million) DT = Debt (RM Million) EX = Exchange Rate (Official exchange rate of local currency units per US$) ÃŽ µ = Error term Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the dependent variable measure in terms of RM Million. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), DebtRead MoreThe Role Of Indian Fdi On Nepalese Economic Growth1491 Words   |  6 Pagesanalytical methods. It includes OLS regression after testing stationarity, co-integration and causal relationships among the variables for time series data-set. Present study employs secondary data on the concerned variables such as Indian FDI flows, structure of Indian FDI, Nepalese GDP, investment and export from FY 1988/89 to 2013/14. The necessary data are taken from Economic Survey 2013/14 and Department of Industry, Nepal. The data are transformed into real terms taking 2005/06 as the base year andRead MoreDeterminants of Fdi in Saudi Arabia3837 Words   |  16 PagesKing Saud University, Riyadh, KSA. ABSTRACT Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an important role in stimulating the growth potentials and providing stability to the economy of Saudi Arabia. Our findings show that there are mainly four factors which determine the net FDI flow to Saudi Arabia. These are - GDP, Privatization, Import and Export and Growth rate of GDP. There exists a positive relationship between FDI and GDP and GDP growth rate while it is negatively related to privatisation andRead MoreThe Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Malaysia3880 Words   |  16 Pagesinvestment is expected to remain strong and also accompanied with the government initiative under the ETP. FDI are also expected to increase given the positive economic outlook, increasing business confidence, enhancing global FDI flows, better corporate earnings and also government’s extensive economic transformation projects. 1.1.2 Trends and Patterns of FDI Flows in Malaysia Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been the underlying key vehicle that drives the strong growth performance experienced by the

Rehabilitation Programs Should Be Abolished - 1669 Words

As Americans, we are very proud of our freedom. Ironically, the â€Å"land of the free† has more people imprisoned in proportion to its population than any other developed country in the world. There are over 2 million prisoners throughout the United States, and approximately 750,000 of them will be released within the year. With the current methods in place in the prison system, most offenders will likely fall back into the same way of life that originally landed them in jail. In fact, roughly two-thirds of prisoners being released today will end up back in prison within the next three years (Petersilia). This not only affects the families and lives of those serving behind bars, but it also directly affects the lives of everyone in society. In addition to the obvious public safety concerns that arise from having repeat offenders amongst the general population, there is also an economic burden placed on society by these individuals. Clearly, we are in dire need of an effective method to rectify the habits and mentalities of these inmates. Rehabilitation programs should be implemented for prisoners being released back into the community. In addition to providing a more cost-effective alternative to incarceration, these programs could potentially transform offenders into responsible, productive members of society. Programs ranging from drug and alcohol treatment to helping further education and acquiring trades for future employment have been shown to deter people from reoffending.Show MoreRelatedPrison and Rehabilitation1051 Words   |  5 PagesRehabilitation Rehabilitation Idrees Ahmed CJS 230 June 9, 2012 Ray Delaney Jr Rehabilitation Rehabilitation The good in rehabilitation is when it works. â€Å"You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make them drink†. The same principal is at work with rehabilitation. The programs can be made mandatory, but that doesn’t mean the inmate will adapt their behavior to accept the programs. Rehabilitation comes from inside a person. The person must want to change his behaviorRead MoreEssay about Capital Punishment Speech562 Words   |  3 Pagespresent standard of civilization and humanity. It has been abolished by many states and countries, and we must look forward to the day when the other governments will follow suit. The arguments against capital punishment are many and credible, but the pleas advanced in its favor are few and unfounded. Punishment is supposed to be for the protection of society, and for the reformation and rehabilitation of the wrongdoer. Its purpose is to protect society by preventingRead MoreThe Prison System Should Be Abolished1237 Words   |  5 Pages I believe that the prison system needs to be abolished. The prison system which is a significant part of punishment is incompetent and deeply flawed in the United States. Prison system reform needs immediate attention while abolition permanently will require time. Nietzsche’s theory of punishment explains how punishment come about in society and Davis’s critique of the prison system helps back my argument that the prison system needs to be abolished. Traditionally, there have been four justificationsRead MorePunishment Versus Rehabilitation1513 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment vs. Rehabilitation Brenda A. Dove AJS/502 Version I September 10, 2012 John V. Baiamonte, Jr. Ph.D. Punishment vs. Rehabilitation Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarceratedRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagesviolent and inhumane society in which killing is considered okay. Since there are alternatives, the death penalty should be abolished. Some people believe capital punishment to be cruel and unusual. Others believe that a person who kills, should themselves be killed. This statement alone raises the question, How should they be killed? The question that should really be asked is, Should we kill at all? Would it be morally correct to kill someone just because they have killed someone else? Read MoreHistorical Perspective of Sped1456 Words   |  6 PagesSuperintendent of Education, proposed to the Secretary of Public Instruction that the children whom he found deaf and blind should be enrolled in school like any other ordinary children. However, the country’s special education program formally started on 1907. Mr. David Barrows, Director of Public Education, and Miss Delight Rice, an American educator, worked hard for this program to be possible. Mr. Barrows worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and Blind in Manila and MissRead MorePunishment And The Abolition Of Imprisonment1650 Words   |  7 Pages(Humphreys, 2006, pp.119-120). In order to be effective imprisonment like other sanctions, seeks to accomplish all purposes of criminal sanctions. Section 5 (1) of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic.) features the aims of sanctions; punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, denunciation and protection. When deciding a sentence suitable to the crime committed, a judge has to consider all these aims and purposes. Punishment exists for society to acknowledge there is retribution to unlawful acts and for the satisfactionRead MoreThe Major Punishment For Criminal Acts1526 Words   |  7 Pagesvery severe. According to Donna and Leighton (2010), it was after independence that majority of the states made amendments to their criminal punishment statutes. Among the amendments was the elimination of the death penalty. Penal servitude was abolished in 1948 by the Criminal Justice Act. Proceeding further, to date, the development of the prison systems continues. The law enforcement agents have stepped up policing, increased arrests, and the sentences for the offenders have been lengthened. ThisRead MoreEssay about The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdenies one the right to live. Death penalty does not deter crime, it is an act of retribution, its costly than life in prison, and, worst of all, risks executions of innocent people. Death penalty is an unacceptable, immoral, and inhumane act that should not be supported. Capital punishment violates an individual’s right to life by denying him/her the right to live. In addition, it disrespects and lowers the value of human life. Death penalty is a cruel punishment and people suffer both physicallyRead MoreEssay Parole Should Be Abolished1714 Words   |  7 PagesParole Should Be Abolished The procedure known as â€Å"parole† in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. It’s process provides for early conditional release from prison for convicted felons, after part of their prison sentence has been served, and they are found to be eligible for parole based on factors such as: conduct while incarcerated, rehabilitative efforts/progress, type of offense

Living a Balanced Life free essay sample

Have you ever had a time when you were making a good living, lived in a nice place, drove a nice car, took trips, had everything you needed and more and yet you were still unhappy? It wasnt that you were ungrateful for what you had, just something seemed wrong. You werent fulfilled, or some-thing, but you couldnt quite figure out what the problem was? Maybe youre in a situation like that now. You feel like you should be happy, who wouldnt given all that you have, but youre not. It simply means that your life is out of balance.Something has been shoved under the rug and forgotten about. It might be spending quality time with family or friends, or even just by yourself. It might be that youre not eating well enough to keep your body balanced. It might be that even though you make a good living, you dont love what you do. We will write a custom essay sample on Living a Balanced Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you look at the life of a celebrity, you can understand why they would be so unhappy. Their lives are totally out of balance. They spend years on the road. They dont have the time for important relationships and recreational time. Theyre always under pressure to be the star.Think about how you feel when youve put in a lot of hours at work and then have no energy left to give to your family. You dont have the energy to eat a good meal or get the exercise you need in order to have more energy. People are on the never-ending treadmill trying to get money. But money itself will not make you happy. Life is a delicate balance of relationships, emotions, desires, and responsibilities to others as well as to yourself. III. CONTENT 3. 1 Life Balance Starts With The Decisions We Make On April 14 1865 two men made a decision to walk into a bar.One wanted to just have a drink because he was bored and the other needed a drink because he wanted to calm his nerves. The bored man just wanted an escape. He just wanted a break from his thankless job. The other man new he had a job to do but wanted to kill time. He was working with others and they had planned on a certain time to fulfill their obligations. While the bored man continued to drink and talk with patrons the other man paid his tab and left. By now if you know your history you know the next scene. The Place is the Star Tavern, The bored man is John F. Parker President Abraham Lincolns ody guard. The Other man is John Wilkes Booth Lincolns assassin. I tell this story to show that every decision no matter how small it seems at the time has the ability to affect many more people. If you chose not to do something then you may chose not to get a paycheck that week. If you chose work over family you could lose your family. You need to know your limit and balance your decisions. I am not telling you to be overly cautious. What I want is for you to make good decisions often. 2. You Get What You Give Each of us is created with certain gifts that we are to use in the time we are here on earth.What I would like for you to see is that no matter you are, what you put into life is exactly what you get out. Jesus tells us that a good tree bears good fruit, and a bad tree gives bad fruit. Beyond that your attitude will determine how many friends you have and your level of relationships with these people. Your attitude at work will depend on whether or not you are advanced at work or whether you work at all. Your attitude toward learning will determine whether you spend time learning or not. We are very fortunate in America to live in a free society.We can chose to take advantage of the freedom we have and make a life that we were designed to live in the job we were designed to do. Or we can sit on the sidelines and complain about the lot we were cast and become miserable old curmudgeons who have no true friends and die mostly alone. Life is uncertain in that we do not know what tomorrow holds, but if you knew you would die on a certain day at a certain time would you choose to live a miserable unfulfilled life or one where you choose to use the talents you were given by God and live a joyful life doing what you were designed to do.Well here is some news, you are going to die someday so why not use the gifts God gave you and make something of what you are. If you let life happen to you you will probably lose. Sitting around and waiting to hit the lottery is not a long term goal. You have got to start paying attention to the calling that is in your heart, start setting goals, and start reading books to help you see beyond tomorrow when you realize you control your future and you start making better choices then you will start to see changes in your life that you never thought would happen. Here is the stuff you do not hear in goal setting seminars.There will be times when you think you have failed. These time of doubt come into every persons life. Unless you quit you have not failed. Mistakes and setbacks happen but they are not failures and you need to see them for what they are, setbacks. If you keep going you will see success. 3. 3 A Balanced Life Means More Time For The Important Things We all have full schedules, learning how to determine what is truly important can free us up to enjoy time together with loved ones. A close friend of mine is studying 6-Sigma, which means by default I am studying 6-Sigma. One of the items I have taken away is the 5 whys. The basic principle is to ask why five times to find the real reason you are performing a certain task. When we ask our selves why we really do something we can start to move into a direction of balance. When something new comes across your desk ask why you must be the one to do it. If it can be delegated then delegate it. I know this sounds simple and you have heard this a thousand times but I bet like people I talk to every day you do things just because you; Want them done right the first time, or Done your way, or some other reason you must be the one to do the task.If you are a sole proprietor then skip to the next paragraph. If you run a business with employees then train one of them to be a surrogate you. You need some one you can rely on to handle the task so you can cast the vision and lead the team. If you are running a business and you are the only one who knows how it runs-you will never be able to relax or take a vacation. If you have to be on 24/7 then you are not getting the rest your body needs and it will catch you sometime. If you are like me and have no one to delegate to then you need a list of things to-do.I use no Day-Timer or calendar system I just lay out on a spiral notebook all of the things I need to accomplish that week. Each night I list the thing to-do the next day in order from most important down. If something new comes in I put it on the list, and it may or may not get done that day depending on priority. I check and write email for thirty-minutes in the morning and evening. This gives me the freedom to do all email on my terms. I understand that phone calls come in from customers but do you really have to answer every phone call that comes in, can you get an answering service?I want you to look at all aspects of balancing your time. If you look you can find ways to free yourself up. 3. 4 What do you really need to live a balanced life? A clean, safe, calm home to retreat to your escape from the rest of the world where you can let your hair down and be yourself. A healthy diet and exercise to stay fit, healthy, trim and full of energy. Self-Care, whether it be reading, meditation, prayer, soaking in a hot tub, a new hairstyle, new clothes, you need to take care of your personal needs. Its not selfish. Its necessary. Remember the old saying If Mommas not happy, then no ones happy?Theres a lot of truth in that. Loving relationships. As much as some people swear they are happy being alone, we need human companionship to feel alive and part of the world. Quality time with family and friends. Everyone thrives when you take the time to enjoy the important people in your life. Even if youre a workaholic like me, make sure to set aside time everyday for important relationships. You think that if you do all the work now, you can make it up to them later when youve made it. Most of the time by the time youve made it, the important people in your life have left. It happens all the time.A way to support all of the above. Yep, thats where the money comes in. But its more than that. It has to be some-thing you like doing, or every workday will seem like a prison sentence. Dreams and goals. Without something to strive for, something to live for, we end up in a tedious existence. We need something that keeps the fire going no matter how old you are. How many people have you known who reached retirement only to spend the rest of their days in front of the television? Faith. It takes many forms throughout your life. Faith in your God, faith in yourself, faith in your kids.Youll find many times in your life when you just need to have faith that things will come out ok. Faith is what get us through the tough times. It has been proven in numerous studies that those who practice their religion live longer, healthier, and happier lives. 3. 5 Living a Well Balanced Life Can Bring Peace and Joy Into Your Life People everywhere are going to great lengths to find happiness in their lives. I too have pondered about the topic many times throughout my life. I have come to realize that happiness doesnt come from one single thing; it comes from living a balanced life.We all have busy lives and sometimes it feels like you are trying to juggle ten different things at one time, but we must focus are time and attention to the things that really matter the most. Here are four simple things that Ive tried focus the majority of my time on throughout my life. Family Our families should be our number one priority in life. We need to make time for our families. We cannot allow things such as work or personal interests come between us and our families. So many people just take the family for granted thinking that theyll always be around.Youll never hear someone on their death bed say that they wish they would have spent more time working; usually the number one regret that people have is not spending enough time with their families. Spiritual Having spiritual time in our lives is very important. We should seek after things that bring peace and joy to our soul. There are so many way that people can accomplish this; you can participate in a religious group, look for ways to serve other people, or just relaxing without interruption can be very edifying. Whatever you chose to do just make sure that you do it regularly. WorkI know a lot of people that work all day and all night, and they have a lot of money because of that. But, along the path of creating their wealth their families and spiritual well beings suffered. Finding a balance in our work life can be one of the most difficult things for a lot of people. Money is a great thing but its not worth losing precious family moments because of it. Personal It is very healthy to have personal interests; we should have time set aside to do some of the things that you like to do. A lot of times we worry about pleasing everyone around us that we forget to please ourselves.When taking time for our personal interests we must be careful so that our personal interests dont take up all of our time. In conclusion I truly believe that when we live a balanced life then we will find happiness. It seems as though when I strive for balance in my life everything just works out the way I want it or better than expected. IV. CONCLUSION 5 Barriers to Living a Successful, Healthy and Balanced Life Style Denial Syndrome When we experience any negative emotion such as frustration, fear or anger, we tend to blame people, things or events for those feelings which have come from the thought that we had, about something.Those thoughts that are triggering the negative emotional responses that we are having,   have nothing to do with anything or anyone else. Being aware and observing the thought that is behind the feeling you are having will start you on the right track. Then ask yourself†¦.. How is this serving me? Is it moving me forward or holding me back? Believing you have to work hard – Some people get into the trap of believing that in order to become successful you have to pay your dues, put in your time, work your fingers to the bone and if there is no pain there is no gain.This is one of the most limiting beliefs that we have ever been taught. The more you continue to believe this, the harder youre going to have to continue working. If you begin to change that belief and understand that struggle is optional and that things coming to you with little or no effort IS a possibility, things in your life will start to shift. Doubting ourselves and what you do – We wonder why we seem to be doing everything right and yet things still arent going the way we want them to go. We still have more things in our life that arent working than what are working.If there is the most subtle bit of doubt that you are having, then you are sabotaging getting what you wan t. Think of it as a river. You are flowing down the river towards what you want and then you think to yourself, Ill never have that or This isnt going to work, or any other negative thought you may have, and it would be like grabbing onto the river bank and we know what would happen then. We would stop! Failure to realize that we create our own reality – Our thoughts that come from our subconscious mind create our reality. What you believe in your subconscious mind is always true for you.We have been programmed to believe and act a certain way based on our life experiences. The subconscious mind only has the information that it has been given and if our thought of something is contradictory to what the subconscious mind knows then it will try to protect us from that thought. That is why a lot of people struggle with trying to always think positive. Change your thoughts and your feelings will change, thus your actions will change and you will start to get the results that you want. There is a limit to what we can have and do – There are no limitations except for the ones that we place on ourselves based on our thoughts.When we open our minds to believe that there are unlimited possibilities to be, do or have anything we want then and only then will we be, do and have everything that we want. Coming from a place of lack brings more lack. Release all thoughts of lack from the subconscious mind and think only prosperity and abundance. Visualize what it is like and feel the emotions of having unlimited prosperity and abundance in your life. Lack is something that we create based on our thoughts due to our life experiences. So, a balanced life means more time for the important things, and never give up for what you want to achieve.

Delivery Programme Division Systems Health â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Delivery Programme Division Systems And Public Health? Answer: Introducation Acute Myocardial Infarction is a chronic condition that rises as a result of other chronic illnesses that may be found in the body of the affected patient. The condition comes hand in hand with various factors ranging from lifestyle trends such as sedentary lifestyle with no physical activities or exercises and heavy drinking and smoking of cigarettes (Cardiac Vascular Associates, 2009). Acute Myocardial Infarction may also rise as a result of a person having a history of heart problems within the family set up. The condition is also common in males and high cholesterol levels are also not favourable for the disease. However, myocardial infarction may be caused further by chronic illnesses that are closely related with the characteristics of the disease. These chronic conditions include Obesity (excessive weight), Diabetes and high blood sugar, and High Blood Pressure (ESC Guidelines, 2012). Obese people are most likely to develop the condition because of their unsustainable weight conditions. From Daniels scenario, he is overweight with significantly over 200 kilograms and he leads a sedentary lifestyle. People with sedentary lifestyles are most likely to develop more weight. Obesity increases a persons chances of having a heart attack, and is associated with other conditions that accelerate the risk of having a heart attack, which includes diabetes, high triglyceride levels, high levels of cholesterol and high blood pressure (Cardiac Care Network, 2013). Mr. Daniel is most likely diabetic as well. Diabetes condition raises glucose or blood sugar levels to a high level that can damage blood vessels, which ultimately results in artery disease, a health condition that can most likely trigger heart attacks in certain persons. Furthermore, Daniels obese nature means he is most likely to have High Blood Pressure. It is a condition that raises risks of a heart attack if one has it. It relatively related to age; with the advancement in age increasing the likelihood of developing it. High Blood Pressure destroys arteries and increases the rate of plaque formation. The Impact on the Family Chronic illnesses pose a very big challenge to the affected individuals and their families (Christakis Iwashyna, 2003). There is always an inevitable change in how the family lives and carries out its daily social and economic activities (California Healthcare Foundation, 2009). In this case, if Daniel was to be found with any of the possible chronic illnesses associated with his Acute Myocardial Infarction condition, then it would have a tremendous impact on his family, his wife and his son. It would also have to affect his job because the illnesses require total concentration on the medication. Daniels family will have to provide him with appropriate family care that would complement that of healthcare (Hasanovic, Cizmic, Jasarevic, 2017). The two greatest impacts of Daniels illnesses would be financial implications and change in his familys social life due to the increased demand of his care. Given that he was the familys primary breadwinner, Daniels illnesses would set him back financially, and the whole family as a unit will suffer even more, because his son cannot sustain the basic demands of the family. Socially, the chronic conditions would definitely affect structural functioning of the family, in relation to organization, communication patterns and even beliefs shared within the family set up (Miyawaki, Tomino, Kobayashi, Takahashi, Noguch, Tamiya, 2017). Alma, Daniels wifes already existing depression condition combined with the Daniels chronic illness would pose a real challenge for the family. Daniels Suitable Care Model Daniels health conditions in relation to his family background, requires a very suitable care model that would suit his lifestyle at the same time deliver the kind of care that he needs in the management of his medical conditions. Therefore, in this case, the most appropriate care model that would suit the patient is Integrated Care Model (World Health Organization, 2016). The care model is more inclusive and involves all the stakeholders, the medical professional, the family and policy regulators among others in the provision of the care to the patients. By revisiting Daniels life, there are a lot of factors that have to be considered to provide him with the best patient care. He is suffering from a chronic condition with a possibility of other complications and illnesses that are associated with the condition and he is the primary breadwinner, as his wife is not working anymore after losing her job. It means his whole family unit is dependent on him. The advancing years of Daniel and his financial status combined with his social behaviors and health conditions implies, integrated care would provide the necessary blend of home care and social care within the community and meet all the requirements of the patient and his family (Almgren Diwan). The importance of integrated care is that it is extremely coordinated and it ensures the continuity of the care for the patient because of clearly defined set of care which pathways that support each other. In the integrated care model, family members are involved fully as they provide the basis for the patient including explaining the medical conditions to the physician. They also provide with the support by implementing all the required medical needs for the patient from physician. The Integrated Care Model involves numerous procedures and principles that are considered useful in its implementation. Daniels case would be suited by Patient-Centered Medical Home integrated care model. In this model, the team of providers delivers a very coordinated, proactive and a preventative care to the patient (Mechanic, 2004). The model involves primary principles and processes to enable the effective implementation of the model: Information and Care Access: - The first priority of the model is to ensure that patients get access to the unlimited care and all the necessary information needed about their condition. The access may be scheduled between intervals of time duration; hours or days, provide yearly urgent care to the patient, unlimited access to the laboratory and imaging services, giving the patient group visits among others. Safety and Quality: - In this process the patient will be provided with valid medical practices, proper process of medication, clinical and testing investigation, constant improvement in quality, complying with all the regulations set and above all, the patient has the opportunity to give back the feedback in regard to the services they received. Financial Responsibility: - The process involves closely controlled management of patients financial status and providing a cost-effective care appropriately and suitable decision-making for the benefit of the patient. Care Management and Care Coordination: - The process involves patient participation and education and setting up of special coordinating team in charge of different sections, including nutritionists, the urgent care team, pharmacists, the primary care team and specialist care among others. Im very grateful and happy to see you take the right decision on how to handle your current situation. Given your confirmed conditions of Acute Myocardial Infarction, plans are necessary to lay down the grounds on how to manage your situation and restore you back to your normal life. We need, in association with you, to establish the main cause of your condition and identify any other chronic illness that might be embedded within it. We are going to rehabilitate you under a cardiac rehabilitation program with a clearly defined Patient-Centered Medical Home integrated care, which will fulfill all your expectations by all means. The program will not interfere with your efforts to provide basic needs for your family but will instead stabilize you for much longer and stronger. Remember that your referral has been accepted by Dr. May of St. Theresas Cardiac Nursing Agency; therefore, your esteemed cooperation will be most appreciated from us and those who care for you. I look forward to your full Participation. Much appreciation for accepting to deliver an integrated patient care for Daniel, a 52-year-old man; who suffered an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) two weeks ago. Background Daniel comes from a family in which he is the primary breadwinner and had expressed concerns about how he will manage providing for his family because no one else can. He has a weight of 275kgs and smokes 2 packets of cigarettes and 2 bottles of beer every day. Requested Services Your service provision in offering integrated care for the patients with cardiac complications is needed. I request that you carry out a comprehensive diagnosis for Daniel to establish underlying problems and any illnesses associated with his AMI conditions. I would also like to request you to draw a lifestyle change plan, by engaging him in physical exercises and reduction in alcohol consumption and most importantly his smoking habit. Please, monitor all his progress and provide an extensive analysis of his behavioral change and grant him a level of freedom to enable him perform his daily work of breadwinning for himself and his family. I look forward to your findings and conclusions References Almgren, G., Diwan, S. (n.d.). SECTION 3: Typology of Chronic Illness And Impact on The Family . Council on Social Work Education , 1-13. California Healthcare Foundation. (2009). Sharing the Care: The Role of Family in Chronic Illness. 2-28. Cardiac Vascular Associates. (2009). Facts About Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack). Chattanooga Heart, Lung and Vascular Center , 1-4. Cardiac Care Network. (2013). Management Of Acute CooronaryY Syndromes: Best Practice Recommendations For Remote Communities. 2-38. Christakis, N. A., Iwashyna, T. J. (2003). The health impact of health care on families: a matched cohort study of hospice use by decedents and mortality outcomes in surviving, widowed spouses. Social Science Medicine , 465475. ESC Guidelines. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation . European Heart Journal , 25692619 . Hasanovic, M., Cizmic, A., Jasarevic, M. (2017). The Course of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction and the Impact of the Social Neglect on the Recovery of the Patient. Journal of Neurology Stroke , 1-4. Mechanic, R. (2004). Will Care Management Improve the Value of U.S. Health Care? . The Health Industry Forum , 2-15. Miyawaki, A., Tomino, J., Kobayashi, Y., Takahashi, H., Noguch, H., Tamiya, N. (2017). Impact of long-hours family caregiving on non-fatal coronary heart disease risk in middle-aged people: Results from a longitudinal nationwide survey in Japan . Original Article: Epidemiology, Clinical Practice And Health , 1-7. World Health Organization. (2016). Integrated care models: an overview . Health Services Delivery Programme Division of Health Systems and Public Health , 1-31.

Upton Sinclair Essays (756 words) - Criticism Of Christianity

Upton Sinclair READ ALL ABOUT IT... UPTON SINCLAIR!! ?My cause is the Cause of a man who has never yet been defeated, and whose whole being is one all devouring, God-given holy purpose?, declared Upton Beall Sinclair. This man is not only an American novelist, essayist, journalist, but also deeply involved in politics. He has accomplished so many things throughout his life span, it is tough to compare him to anyone else. Until Sinclair was in his later life, he was an unknown failure to many, but then for forty years after that, he was America's most important writer. Sinclair was born in Baltimore on the 20th of September in 1878. He was born in near poverty conditions to his dysfunctional family consisting of his father who drank himself to death, and his mother a southern aristocrat. He taught himself to read and write by the time he was five years old. By the time he was 14, he had already graduated the City College of New York. He furthered his education by becoming a special student at Columbia University. He was supporting himself and paying his own way through his education by writing and selling book. While at Columbia University he was inspired by another student to write even more novels. He started writing weekly novels consisting of more than 30,000 words and selling them as ?half-dime novels?. With the frustration of trying to make it on such little profit, he left Columbia University. Once Sinclair left, he started his first real novel entitled Springtime and Harvest. Publishers did not see his point to the novel, so they figured no one else would and with much disappointment, turned down the novel. ?In order to succeed, one must fail at least once? was often a quote used by Sinclair. He followed this quote often due to the next couple of novels he wrote. Within the two years, he wrote four long novels, and all were reviewed negatively and very few had sales. 1906 was Sinclair's lucky year. In years earlier, he would often fight for free speech and write about politics, but he decided to try a new approach this year. Sinclair is most famous for the novel he wrote this year entitled The Jungle. As for the rejection, six publishers turned him down on the book at first, so Sinclair decided to publish the book himself. One publisher wrote ? I advise without hesitation and unreservedly against the publications of this book which is gloom and horror unrelieved. One feels that what is at the bottom of his fierceness is not nearly so much desire to help the poor as hatred of the rich.? To prove this publisher wrong, Sinclair advertised for his book, and received orders for 972 copies of The Jungle. Within in the next couple of years, more than 150,000 copies were sold, and the book was printed in seventeen different languages and was a best seller all over the world. During this period of time, the President of the United States was Theodore Roosevelt. He read The Jungle, and immediately following he declared an investigation of the meat-packing industry. Although Roosevelt was not happy with such a book, he was not happy at what he saw in the industries he investigated. The impact of this book, had the same impact as Harriet Beecher Stowe's book called Uncle Tom's Cabin. With the profit made from The Jungle, Sinclair decided to build the Helicon Hall. This was a utopian community that contained all of the virtues he believed in for socialism. On November 1, 1906 this building was opened. Over $30,000 was invested in this utopia. Journalists remarked that the Helicon Hall was only built for a ?free love nest? just to have mistresses available, but truly it was a communal living hall for families upholding high moral standards. Sinclair's greatest hero was that of Jesus Christ, so to have such stereotypes journalists should rethink what they might have said. Not even a year later, on March 7, 1907, Sinclair awoke to the smell of smoke and cries of fire. He made his way outside, half burned, and looked back upon his dream as it went disappeared. ?The beautiful utopia was flaming and roaring, until it crashed in and died away to a dull glow? Sinclair recalled. Some say that the Helicon Hall was only built to burn down for insurance collecting, but actually insurance only paid for about two-thirds of the damage and Sinclair ended up paying for the other damage. The profit he made on The Jungle was now lost. Years would go by, and Sinclair would continue writing novels, poems, and pretty much everything.

Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) Phenomenon

Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) Phenomenon In psycholinguistics, the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is that feeling that a name, word, or phrase- though momentarily unrecallable- is known and will soon be recalled. According to linguist  George Yule, the  tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon  mainly occurs with uncommon words and names. [S]peakers generally have an accurate phonological outline of the word, can get the initial sound correct and mostly know the number of syllables in the word (The Study of Language, 2014). Examples and Observations: Whats the name of that stuff I wanted to tell your mother to use?Wait a second. I know.Its on the tip of my tongue, she said.Wait a second. I know.You know the stuff I mean.The sleep stuff or the indigestion?Its on the tip of my tongue.Wait a second. Wait a second. I know.(Don DeLillo, Underworld. Scribner, 1997)You know, the actor guy! Oh, what is his name? See, the thing is, the thing is, the thing is that when I say his name, youll go, Yes! The actor guy, love him, adore him . . .. But I cant think of his name. Its on the tip of my tongue. You know who I mean. Hes got the hair, the eyes, a bit of a nose, and a mouth, and its all held together with, like, a face! (Frank Woodley, The Adventures of Lano Woodley, 1997)The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (henceforth, TOT) straddles the line between what we think of as memory and what we think of as language, two closely related cognitive domains that have been studied somewhat independently of each other. . . . The implications of whethe r TOT is memory-related or language-related has different implications. Consider the following example. Political pundits used to make fun of former President George H. Bush because of his frequent word-finding failures. Despite his obvious depth of knowledge and expertise, his speech was sometimes characterized by pauses suggesting a failure to recall a known word. His deficit was usually attributed to absent-mindedness, rather than a lack of clear thinking. In other words, it was dismissed as a language-production failure, not a more consequential memory failure. His son, President George W. Bush, suffers from a similar affliction. However, the sons speech errors (e.g., Kosovarians, subliminable) are often interpreted as a lack of knowledge, and therefore, a learning deficit; a more consequential one for a president. (Bennett L. Schwartz, Tip-of-the-Tongue States: Phenomenology, Mechanism, and Lexical Retrieval. Routledge, 2002) The TOT state demonstrates that it is possible to hold the meaning of a word in ones mind without necessarily being able to retrieve its form. This has suggested to commentators that a lexical entry falls into two distinct parts, one relating to form and one to meaning, and that one may be accessed without the other. In assembling speech, we first identify a given word by some kind of abstract meaning code and only later insert its actual phonological form into the utterance we are planning. (John Field, Psycholinguistics: The Key Concepts. Routledge, 2004) Also Known As: TOT Also see: Bathtub EffectMemorySlip of the TongueWhat Are Placeholders in English?

Business Systems Development and Implementation Essay

Business Systems Development and Implementation - Essay Example Many of the projects became a failure due to lack of proper skills in order to undertake these projects successfully. On the other hand the companies which initiated and successfully implemented these projects enjoyed the hyper growth. In order to make these projects different tools and techniques were introduced by the management gurus in order to increase the success rate of these projects. The implementation cost of the new information system often have some hidden costs which cannot be calculated at the beginning of a project (Anderson and Dawes, 1991). Often workers are required to be trained to effectively use the technology being implemented but this training reduce the working hours. Currid (1995) states the same fact as: When a new system is introduced, it rocks day-to-day activity so much that some people don't adjust quickly. They stay less productive than they were without the new computer. And, if this situation goes unchecked, they may never recover. In Standish Group's CHAOS Report, the group analysed 8380 Information projects that were underway in 365 companies and reported failure and success rates. The report used some indicators and divided the companies into following three categories which are as follows: Resolution Type 2 is "Project Challenged." These were completed, but were over cost, over time, and/or lacking all of the features and functions that were originally specified. 52.7% of all studied projects fell into this Resolution Type 2 (Challenged) category. Resolution Type 3 is termed "Project Impaired/Failed." These projects were abandoned or cancelled at some point and thus became total losses. A disturbing 31.1% of all studied p

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example If we analyze the trend of rate of return of bonds in table 1 we get to know that fluctuation is higher than cash but on the other hand much better return is being generated as compared to cash. Average rate of return is more than double of that of cash but again standard deviation is high representing high rate of risk. Many people know about the property investments. Property investment is usually in shape of build home or any other type of building; that appreciate or devalue in value and provides a normal profits known as â€Å"rent†.Normally property investment generates a satisfactory returns as compared to cash and bonds but has more risk .According to data in Table1 the rate of reurns from year 1992 to 2006 is getting appreciated and overall average expected rate of return better than cash or bonds but inevitably results in greater risk or standard deviation. A share is companied issued legal document, which has some value in the market. Company’s Ownership can be in the shape of trade investment. Subsidiary or associate. It specifies the right of share holding pr voting power and also determines the amount of dividend to be received. Usually return from share is in the shape of dividends given by the companies. The possibility that Investor will lose money when they invest in a company that has debt, if the companys cash flow proves inadequate to meet its financial obligations.In other words risk of getting loss instead of profit is financial risk. The rate of return depends upon the risk associated with that investment. The greater the risk, the larger the return that is they are directly proportional to each other. This is one of the most fundamental relations in finance. The rate of return is what you earn on an investment, stated in percentage terms.If we analyze portfolio Kappa and Omega we can see that average expected rate of return are 7% and 8% approximately where as there risk or standard deviation is 4%

Activity 1 - Ford & Taylorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activity 1 - Ford & Taylorism - Assignment Example Workers in these three countries are accustomed to industrialization and most of the manufacturing companies within these countries currently apply the Taylorism management technique, which means that workers presently receive specialized training on various tasks and hence they can perform better in specified tasks. According to Lewis & McDermott (2006), the best script for call centers must consider the customer’s journey. Customers journey include designing a matrix of customer needs against solutions been offered in order to map the foundation of the intended customer interaction and make sure every interaction is covered. Taylourism is evident in this because the principle of scientific management is brought out clear in the aspect of deciding or planning the work in advance, and also in the determination of standards of performance. The advantages of a bureaucratic organization is that each role is standardized. It fosters specialized skills, which then eliminate the immanent judgment. Therefore, it is correct to argue that industrialized areas within the World would highly prefer the ideas of Taylorism

Spanish Power in the Americas

Spanish Power in the Americas What were the principle features of Spanish power in the Americas? Can it properly be described as an empire? To answer this question, in this essay, the historical background of Spanish power in the America will first be introduced briefly. Then, the principle features of its power in Americas will be demonstrated. For the second part of the question, to answer this, the features of an empire will first be explicitly interpreted. Then, by comparing the features of Spanish power in Americas and features of a typical empire, we can tangibly describe that Spanish power in Americas was indeed an empire. An Overview Back to the medieval era of Iberia peninsula, when Ferdinand II of Aragon married the Queen of Castile, Isabella, the two Crowns became known as the Catholic Monarchs. Then, the alignment of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon emerged a political authoritarian system, which then be known as the Spanish monarchy[1]. As the Crown of Castile funded the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492, Spanish monarchy took the leading into the Age of Exploration. With the followed Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish expanded its power all over the world step by step, and its prosperities of political and economic power emerged from 16th to 18th centuries during the Habsburgs dynasty of Spain. The so called empire was eventually controlled by the Spanish Crown and governed territories and in Europe, America, established colonies in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Over persisted for three centuries, the Spains Empire’s power was diminished by Napoleon’s conquest in 1808, and lost lots of colonies. After Spain defeated in the Spanish–American War in 1898, Spain gave up its power in the Caribbean and the Pacific areas, and lost its dominance in global affairs[2]. Principle Features The Spanish power in Americas did have its features, so did any other political power. Each of the power has its own features such as reasons of emerging, time of starting, group people who are driven, and range of influence. Taking Spanish power in Americas as an example, reason of it emerging was taking advantages of Age of Exploration, seeking overseas fortunes; time of starting was late of 15th centuries; group people who are driven were Spaniards and their allies, range of influence was staring from Americas, eventually impacted on global extent. These indeed were the features of Spanish power, which give us a most intuitively objective view of it. Based on these aspects of features, other political powers such as Roman Empire, British Empire as well as Portuguese Empire can also be introduced. However, these features could not more effectively to distinct them from one of other. It has a similar insufficiency that to describe Japanese as they have black eyes and yellow skin, bu t could not differentiate them from Chinese. At least, based on their differences in languages, which are Japanese and Mandarin, and their unlikeness of their culture, such as believe in Shintoism or Confucianism, these two groups of people can possibly be well distinguished. So do political powers such as Spanish empire. What on earth to differentiate Spanish power from the similar power, such as English power at the same era and venues, would actually be the principle features of it. Therefore, in order to answer the question that â€Å"what were the principle features of Spanish power in the Americas?† features of Spanish power in a deeper essence will be demonstrated in this section. 1. Collaboration The first principle feature of Spanish power is highly dependent on collaboration. The Spaniards like all other people in the history, they were eager to prove their distinction and prowess. With the bravery of taking the risks of ventures, they eventually possess the great fortune of the New World. However, what they have of their own, are purely perseverance. British historian Henry Kamen mentioned in his work, that the Spain was a poor country; its power was never based on its own resources or its own contribution[3]. Evidence of this comment can be found at the very start of Spanish power in Americas. Although in 1492, Castile was already competing with Portugal to discover the Far East through sea-lane, they could not constitute their own venture team. Only when a Genoese sailor, Christopher Columbus attempted to reach Cipangu by sailing west, the Catholic Monarchs finally found the ideal proxy. With negotiation and offered funds, Catholic Monarchs somehow expand their authoriti es nominally by commissioning Christopher Columbus as a Spanish viceroy and governor of the lands he already founded as well as those he could reach from then on[4]. Followed in the effective way of Columbus, the conquistador, the Spanish Monarchs applied military power in colonization of America. Although the Catholic Monarchs found the military forces were vital to maintain their advantages in Americas, the Castilians were more willing to let others defend and exploit the empire for them[5]. The, the most effective way that Spaniards came up was manoeuvring powers of nations that with hostility, the indigenous peoples who were rivals, and tribes that were competing with each other. In order to defeat their powerful enemies, some of the nations, indigenous people and tribes have to align with the Spanish, howbeit the Spanish was borrowed power from them. Through this way, Spaniards could circumspectly keep the power to conquer and rule the land they found. Besides borrowed the mili tary forces from others, Spaniards were never offering an innovation advantage such as agriculture or architecture technique from Europe to savage Americas. Kamen argued that the only reason why Spain could leap to an empire was because it receive capital, labours from all other associated people, â€Å"without the help of allies, the Spaniards would have had neither the soldiers nor the ships nor the money to achieve what they did.†[6] Their effort was foresight changes of technology, biology, and economy, and brought their colonies into these processes. Spaniards were the catalysts that enable others development. With sharing the mutual interests with Spaniards, the Spanish power had the association to become empire. 2. Catholicism Superiority During conflict between Catholics and Protestants emerged in Europe in 16th centuries, the devotional Spaniards saw the new-founded world was an ideal place to baptize more new Catholics. As they regard the Americas as a barbarian world, their Catholicism superiority endow them with a mission besides the exploiting, which was â€Å"reducing the savage people to Christianity and civility.†[7] More opinionatedly, the Spaniards judged whether people were uncivilized or not based on whether they have true faith to Christian God. However, as last, the Spanish believe the god do not abandoned the unconverted barbarian, they were passionate to be the missionaries. The intensity of Spaniards to convert indigenous people to Christianity is the way of Catholic Monarchs of their spiritual preoccupation. In this way, Spaniards would easier to maintain its imperial domination of their colonies. 3. Linguistic and Anthropological Integration Unlike other colonial power, although Spaniards discriminated people in the New World religiously, they were still willing to integrate with Americas locals in comprehensive ways such as language and intermarriages. No matter how Henry Kamen accentuated in his work that Spaniards were totally failed in language integration in Americas[8], the reality we could not ignore is, with the fact that the Spanish language is the official or national language of 19 countries in the Americas and totally at least 418 million native speakers in the Hemisphere, the Spanish language is indeed the second most widely spoken language in the world presently[9]. Doubtless, this is due to the intended linguistic integration in the era of Spanish Americas. The Spanish also reduced linguistic pluralism and aggregate the multiple tribal languages to Nahuarl in order to further introduce Spanish. â€Å"Language has always been the companion of empire† said be Antonio de Nebrjia when he first learnt th e Castilian in 1492[10]. Besides linguistic integration, one more efficient way to strengthen the integration from both linguistic and religious, mentioned in previous paragraph, is anthropological integration. The way of the integration was inter-ethnic marriage. In the year of 1503, the new governor Nicolas de Ovando received instruction from the Catholic Monarchs, â€Å"try to get some Christian men to marry Indian women, and Christian women to marry Indian men, so that they can communicate with each other, and the Indian can be indoctrinated in our Holy Catholic Faith.†[11] The method of indiscriminately blending races and culture inherent magnified the influence of Spanish empire domination, that in the present world, people in this hemisphere have lived in highly diversification. A Proper Empire To briefly answer the second part of question, which whether the Spanish power in Americas can properly be described as an empire, the answer should be certain. In order to well explain this conclusion, the typical empire with its essential features would firstly be introduced in this section. In the followed part, by drawing the comparison between Spanish powers to the typical empire, it would be more convincing that Spanish power in Americas was an empire. What is an empire? Maier in his work gave the proper description. In the classical sense, it is believed that firstly, the power has its desire to expand its domination by introducing conquest. Secondly, the power requests its territories maintain their political loyalty to their suzerain[12]. In the case of Spanish power in Americas, it is obviously that Spaniards had the desire to expand its territories and gain fortune from the land they newly discovered. Hence, the Catholic Monarchs would fund Christopher Columbus as their proxy threw themselves into the wave of age of exploration. Besides Columbus was funded by the Catholic Monarchs, more importantly, he was commissioned as official and governed the land, including rights to exploit, to settle, and the privilege to taxing. All of these were under the authority and sovereignty of the Crown of Castile. Moreover, the crown quickly cancelled its supporting of Columbus and suspend his privileges, then turned to apply more direct cont rol from the Crown over the territory. The way that the Catholic Monarchs enhancing its sovereignty was by changing the governors in the Americas frequently. After Columbus, Francisco de Bobadilla appointed as governor of the Indies with civil rights, however, he was soon replaced by Nicolà ¡s de Ovando in September 1501[13]. Hereby the Crown would tighten its control in the new territories. Hence the Spanish power enhanced its territories loyalty to their suzerain, represented by the Catholic Monarchs, which was the typical model of empire. With its blooming imperialism, more and more Spanish colonies were established on the land of Americas sequentially that New Granada was founded in the 1530s, Lima pointed as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1535, Buenos Aires was established in 1536 and followed by Santiago in 1541[14]. Therefore, the Spanish empire that established starting on the hemisphere of Americas actually became the first one that been called â€Å"the empire on which the sun never sets†. Another aspect of a political power to become empire or imperialism which Maier demonstrated is, the empire power formulate an imperial economic system between the dominated empire and its territories, â€Å"economic development and commercial ties must ultimately spell the end of conquest and militarism†[15]. The Spanish power established the imperialism economy in Americas mainly through the sliver exploitation. As the medieval aristocrats in Spain prejudicially regarded manual work as dishonourable way to live, they had no interests to develop their economy and cumulate their fortune through the commerce of production of manufactures or the improvement of agriculture. What they fascinated in is exploiting the vast amount of silver mines from Americas. The excessive investment of labour and aspiration in importing silver eventually made Spanish lack of power to produce goods for living domestically, resulted as they were ultimately relying on foreign sources of raw materials and manufactured goods. Thus, in its imperialism economy, the colonizer snatched silver and gold from Americas, used part of it to trade necessary manufactured goods such as tea and silks from Arabic and later on China. By the end of 16th century, silver from the Americas took 20% of Spains total budget[16]. Even the worlds silver stock was boosted for two to three times because of the increasing amount of silver was unmined from the Americas. Official records of Spain indicate that more than three out of four of the silver was imported from the Americas to Spain and only less than a quarter of the silver was taken across the Pacific shipping to China[17]. This was how the imperialism economy established by Spanish to force the resources and labour serve the Spanish empire. Conclusion The principle features of Spanish power in Americas was collaborate with its allies, spread Catholicism faith through sermon, applied linguistic and anthropological integration by enhance inter-ethnic marriages. Spanish power in Americas was certainly empire force, as it expanded its domination by conquering territories across the hemisphere and strengthened the political loyalty of its territories to their suzerain, which was the Spanish Crown. Bibliography C.Maier (2006), `What is an Empire?’ in Among Empires. American Ascendency and its Predecessors, Harvard, pp.24-77. Conquest in the Americas at the Wayback Machine, October 28, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20091028035130/http:/encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575057_13/Spain.html (accessed on 1th May,2015) Diego-Fernà ¡ndez Sotelo, Rafael (1987). Las capitulaciones colombinas El Colegio de Michoacà ¡n A.C. pp.143–145 Farazmand, Ali (1994). Handbook of bureaucracy. M. Dekker. pp.12–13 Gonzalo Sebastià ¡n Paz (2012). China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region. The China Quarterly, Vol.209, pp.18-34 H Kamen (2014), Spain: 1469-1714 A Society of Conflict. Chapter 1, pp.1. Pearson Education. H.Kamen (2002), Conclusion: The Silence of Pizarro’, in Spain’s Road to Empire. The Making of a World Power 1492-1763, pp. 487-512. Penguin Press. J.Elliott, S.Newman and A.McFarlane (2010), Revolutions! US and Spanish American Independence Movements Compared, Eccles Centre, British Library J.H.Elliott (2006), Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830, ‘Confronting Native Peoples’, Yale, pp.66, Mann, Charles C. (2012). 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. Random House Digital, Inc. pp.33–34 McAlister, Lyle N. (1984), Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700. pp.69 Parry, John Horace (1966). The Spanish Seaborne Empire . Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp.202–203. P.Seed (2001), ‘Sustaining Political Identities: The Moral Boundary between Nations and Colonizers’, Ch.7 of American Pentimento. The Invention of Indians and the Pursuit of Riches, Minnesota, pp.113-134 Spanish Language Facts. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2010-11-06 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Spanish_language.aspx#1O29-SPANISH (accessed on 1th May) [1] H Kamen (2014), Spain: 1469-1714 A Society of Conflict. Pearson Education. Chapter 1, pp.1. [2] Gonzalo Sebastià ¡n Paz (2012). China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region. The China Quarterly, Vol.209, pp.21 [3] H.Kamen (2002), Conclusion: The Silence of Pizarro’, in Spain’s Road to Empire. The Making of a World Power 1492-1763, Penguin, pp. 488-489. [4] McAlister, Lyle N. (1984). Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700. U of Minnesota Press. p.69 [5] H.Kamen (2002), Conclusion: The Silence of Pizarro’, in Spain’s Road to Empire. The Making of a World Power 1492-1763, Penguin, pp.490 [6] H.Kamen (2002), Conclusion: The Silence of Pizarro’, in Spain’s Road to Empire. The Making of a World Power 1492-1763, Penguin, pp.489 [7] J.H.Elliott (2006), Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830, ‘Confronting Native Peoples’, Yale, pp.66 [8] H.Kamen (2002), Conclusion: The Silence of Pizarro’, in Spain’s Road to Empire. The Making of a World Power 1492-1763, Penguin, pp.499 [9] Spanish Language Facts. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2010-11-06 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Spanish_language.aspx#1O29-SPANISH (accessed on 1th May) [10] C.Maier (2006), `What is an Empire?’ in Among Empires. American Ascendency and its Predecessors, Harvard, pp.31. [11] J.H.Elliott (2006), Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830, Yale, ‘Confronting Native Peoples’,pp.81 [12] C.Maier (2006), `What is an Empire?’ in Among Empires. American Ascendency and its Predecessors, Harvard, pp.24. [13] Diego-Fernà ¡ndez Sotelo, Rafael (1987). Las capitulaciones colombinas El Colegio de Michoacà ¡n A.C. pp.143–145 [14] Parry, John Horace (1966). The Spanish Seaborne Empire . Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp.202–203. [15] C.Maier (2006), `What is an Empire?’ in Among Empires. American Ascendency and its Predecessors, Harvard, pp.48. [16] Conquest in the Americas at the Wayback Machine, October 28, 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20091028035130/http:/encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761575057_13/Spain.html (accessed on 1th May,2015) [17] Mann, Charles C. (2012). 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. Random House Digital, Inc. pp.33–34

Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the :: English Literature

Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the characters involved 'The Crucible' is a play based on the 17th century Salemwitch hunts. It is also a parable for the events in McCarthy's era in the U.S.A which was a high profile topic at the time it was written. The play is about people who are wrongly accused of helping the devil. 'The Crucible' was written by Arthur Miller and was first performed in 1953, New York. It is set in a puritanical society where the people believe in hard work and little luxury. Their life is based around God, the Bible and the 'Ten commandments'. They're joyless and God-fearing. Pride and integrity are extremely important to them. They're obsessed and fearful of sin, damnation and the devil. Fear is an abstract emotion, it causes people to worry, become nervous and sometimes act in an irrational manner. People can be 'fearful' of many different things. It could be that you or someone you care about is in danger or that you are scared of someone or something. It makes people conscious and aware of what is happening around them or what could happen. It is induced by something frightening, whether it be justified or not (it could be about nothing, paranoia). Fear is often provoked by the unknown, for example the devil in 'The Crucible'. People are very cautious of phenomenon that they are ignorant of or that cannot be explained. A fear that is particularly relevant to the play is, fear of losing their good reputation. Fear can have a major effect on society, especially one as puritanical as Salem. It fuels existing tensions and turns people against each other. People become suspicious of everyone and trust no-one. They accuse their enemies and even their friends. Fear causes people to protect themselves and their pride even at the expense of other of other people's lives! One lie can lead to a dozen as an allegation spirals out of control. People pride themselves on their moral integrity in the town of Salem. 'Moral integrity' is where people live by God's rules and their own principles. They try to keep a good reputation and do the 'right thing'. It is a sort of 'standard' amongst the locals. However, once "the devil entered Salem", the moral integrity of people was at risk, as many people lost the integrity they had as it was all undermined by fear of the Devil, and of being accused. Mary Warren loses all moral integrity she once possessed at the end of 'The Crucible'. Mary is one of the only girls who does not join in Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the :: English Literature Discuss how fear undermines the moral integrity of many of the characters involved 'The Crucible' is a play based on the 17th century Salemwitch hunts. It is also a parable for the events in McCarthy's era in the U.S.A which was a high profile topic at the time it was written. The play is about people who are wrongly accused of helping the devil. 'The Crucible' was written by Arthur Miller and was first performed in 1953, New York. It is set in a puritanical society where the people believe in hard work and little luxury. Their life is based around God, the Bible and the 'Ten commandments'. They're joyless and God-fearing. Pride and integrity are extremely important to them. They're obsessed and fearful of sin, damnation and the devil. Fear is an abstract emotion, it causes people to worry, become nervous and sometimes act in an irrational manner. People can be 'fearful' of many different things. It could be that you or someone you care about is in danger or that you are scared of someone or something. It makes people conscious and aware of what is happening around them or what could happen. It is induced by something frightening, whether it be justified or not (it could be about nothing, paranoia). Fear is often provoked by the unknown, for example the devil in 'The Crucible'. People are very cautious of phenomenon that they are ignorant of or that cannot be explained. A fear that is particularly relevant to the play is, fear of losing their good reputation. Fear can have a major effect on society, especially one as puritanical as Salem. It fuels existing tensions and turns people against each other. People become suspicious of everyone and trust no-one. They accuse their enemies and even their friends. Fear causes people to protect themselves and their pride even at the expense of other of other people's lives! One lie can lead to a dozen as an allegation spirals out of control. People pride themselves on their moral integrity in the town of Salem. 'Moral integrity' is where people live by God's rules and their own principles. They try to keep a good reputation and do the 'right thing'. It is a sort of 'standard' amongst the locals. However, once "the devil entered Salem", the moral integrity of people was at risk, as many people lost the integrity they had as it was all undermined by fear of the Devil, and of being accused. Mary Warren loses all moral integrity she once possessed at the end of 'The Crucible'. Mary is one of the only girls who does not join in

Cultural Destruction Essay

Development of society has forced the Native culture to vanish due to the break their tradition has undergone in the past. The Natives were forced to adapt the white tradition thinking it would benefit them in the long-run. Both â€Å"The Loons† by Margaret Laurence and â€Å"Compatriots† by Emma Lee Warrior portray similar messages about the Natives. The main characters Hilda and Vanessa represent ignorance because of their stereotypical nature towards the culture. However, as Vanessa matures she goes through a realization and understands the sorrow and pain of Piquette and her tradition other than herself. Vanessa’s final understanding of Piquette’s life and culture symbolizes the loons. Both short stories reveal the lack of knowledge and understanding the white society knows about the Natives. The perception that Vanessa classifies Piquette as shows how ignorant and narrow-minded she is as a child. The knowledge young Vanessa has about the Natives are based on stereotypes from her peers, which only consists of their physical appearance and territory. â€Å"It seems to me that Piquette must be in the same way a daughter of the forest, a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds, who might impart me, if I took the right approach, some of the secrets which she undoubtedly knew-where the whirlpool made her nest, how the coyote reared her young, or whatever it was that it said in Hiawatha† (Laurence 112). This description of Native life shows the reader that Vanessa really has no clue what Piquette’s life is like, she may live in a forest but her secrets are dark and deep. Vanessa thinks that if she leaves Piquette with a good first impression then she’d reveal those secrets to her. Young Vanessa most likely picked up this stereotypical opinion from her surroundings, which is seemingly a vision from the white society’s point of view. However, Vanessa’s perspective is limited because she is born as part of the white culture. Due to Piquette constantly brushing Vanessa aside when she attempts to be friendly kills Vanessa’s beliefs to what it means to be a Native. In addition, Hilda as well shows ignorance towards the Natives. Hilda also has an ignorant view of the Native culture. Hilda is anxious to learn about the Indians and their tradition as she follows Lucy around seeking for â€Å"real† Native experiences. She searches for Helmut in hopes of fulfilling her desire to understand the complex history and modern day reconstruction of the Native culture. â€Å"’I want to see him,’ Hilda said, ’I heard about him and I read a book he wrote. He seems to know a lot about the Indians, and he’s been accepted into their religious society. I hope he can tell me things I can take home. People in Germany are really interested in Indians. They even have clubs’† (Warrior 171-172). Hilda believes that Helmut knows a lot of information about the Native’s lifestyle due to the fact that he wrote a book about them and also dresses like them. Her being narrow-minded blocks the true perception of Helmut being phony because the Native’s themselves are not concerned of their own culture. â€Å"Shit, that guy’s just a phony. How could anybody turn into something else? Huh? I don’t think I could turn into a white man if I tried all my life. They wouldn’t let me, so how does that German think he can be an Indian- they’re crazy† (Warrior 174). This statement proves the inequality in our society between the Natives and whites, the option of ethnic change remains both socially and politically acceptable for those with privilege and power only. Although, young Vanessa and Hilda are perceived as ignorant, young Vanessa has an epiphany at the end of the story. As Vanessa matures, she goes through a sudden realization of everything that happened at Diamond Lake during that summer with Piquette. Many things has cause Vanessa’s final understanding of Piquette’s struggles as she recognizes her father’s effort to try to open up her perspective to the bigger world when she was a child, forcing her to leave her boundaries due to Piquette’s stubbornness to express herself. The significance of her father’s effort becomes valuable to Vanessa when she returns to Diamond Lake and sees the changes. â€Å"The small pier which my father had built was gone, and in its place there was a large and solid pier built by the government, for Galloping Mountain was now a national park, and Diamond Lake had been renamed Lake Wapakata, for it was felt that an Indian name would have a greater appeal to tourists† (Laurence 119). The government’s idealization of  the lake shows how their ignorance connects with young Vanessa visualizing of Piquette as the â€Å"daughter of the forest†. Although, Vanessa’s knowledge of Piquette’s life is much clearer, she still doesn’t understand the Native culture. Vanessa also realizes that trying to gain more knowledge and understanding about the Native culture through Piquette won’t get her anywhere because Piquette is as clueless as her. She accepts that her understanding towards the tradition is not going anywhere further than what the white society views it. However, Vanessa acknowledges the effects the white society has done to the Tonnerres’ family and the Natives. Piquette had the mindset of an adult while growing up due to the struggles her family has undergone. â€Å"’The mother’s not there,’ my father replied. ‘She took off a few years back. Can’t say I blame her. Piquette cooks for them, and she says Lazarus would never do anything for himself as long as she’s there† (Laurence 110). The effects of hatred and discrimination they’ve gone through drove them into a dark hole of poverty causing Piquette’s mother to leave, which fully shaped her life. To cease ra cism, she marries a white man to attempt to acquire identity. â€Å"For the merest instant, then, I saw her. I really did see her, for the first and only time in all the years we had both lived in the same town. Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope† (Laurence 117). Piqutte desperately tries to fit in with the white community that constantly rejects her and as a result, Piquette surrenders herself to them by marrying a white man to satisfy her craving to belong in the society. Also, another reason she marries a white man is because she refuses to let her children to go through the same treatment she experienced as a child. However, her husband either left her or she left him, which drove her to alcoholism. Vanessa uses the loons as a symbol to represent the Native culture and Piquette’s life. Vanessa uses the loons’ sadness and disappearance as a metaphor for Piquette’s life. The government destroying the loons’ natural habitat represents the white society invading the Native’s territory. The government spoils the wilderness, the most important thing they should value. â€Å"It seemed to me now that in some unconscious and totally unrecognised way,  Piquette might have been the only one, after all, who had heard the crying of the loons† (Laurence 120). The white society misunderstood Piquette and her culture instead of embracing them. Piqutte is the only one who understood the crying of the loons due to the similar struggle they’re going through. â€Å"Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not† (Laurence 120). The loons either died or left Diamond Lake trying to find another place to fulfill their needs because they’re forced to leave the society by ignorant people, just like Piquette and the Natives. In conclusion, the Native culture in today’s society is scattered due to the destruction the culture experienced in the past. The white culture thought it was a good idea to get rid of the Natives thinking it’ll help them, but in reality it just made many lives miserable. People are trying to revive the culture by learning about the tradition, but since it wasn’t passed down to generations, people only practice the information they think they know.

Teen Pregnancy Causes, Effects and Prevention

Teen Pregnancy Causes, Effects and Prevention Introduction Teenage pregnancy is the pregnancy of underage girls during their adolescent period, normally between the ages of 13 to 19 but this range varies depending on the age of the menarche and the legal age of adulthood, which varies from one country to another. The rate of teen pregnancy is on the rise world wide due to changing lifestyles and increased fertility rate hence raising lot of social and economic concerns in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy: Causes, Effects and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Causes The possible causes and predisposing factors of teenage pregnancies are early marriages, sexual activity during adolescence, inadequate sex education, sexual abuse, pornography, drug abuse, lower education levels, and high poverty levels. Socioeconomic Effects Teenage pregnancies results into the dropouts of the teenage girls from schools. The dropouts mostly affec t high school girls due to the dominant peer pressure factors and inadequate sex education. The education of teenage a girl is significantly affected because she must drop out of school in order to prepare and take care of her baby. Statistics shows that, the teenage pregnancy is the major reason for the young girls’ dropouts in high school. These dropouts have great negative impacts on the education potential and the bright future of the girl child. Teenage pregnancies are prone to many obstetrics complications as compared to mature women due to physiological and morphological factors. These complications demands extra healthcare attention that is very expensive, especially to the poor families. There are also serious health’s risks associated with teen pregnancies that can permanently affect the health of a teenage mother if there is no consultation of a professional obstetrician during delivery. Social stigma and stress negatively affects the self-esteem of a pregna nt teenage. When a teenage becomes pregnant, she develops fears about unplanned pregnancy, becomes frustrated, and begins to lose self-esteem and hope, as it seems to her that she has reached a premature destiny of her life. The pregnant teen has fears of disclosing her pregnancy to any one not even his boyfriend who impregnates her, because she is worried about what they will say about her pregnancy condition. She develops stigma and confusion wondering on what kind of image she will portray to his friends, family, and teachers. She contemplates on the options of either disclosing the bad news and keep her pregnancy or keep the secret and do abortion.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prevention Schools are required to develop programs and workshops that will provide opportunity to the students to develop their youth positively and become busy as idle minds are devils worksho ps. Drug abuse and pornography should not be allowed in school because it encourages early sexual activity in teens. Girls need skills on how to avoid and protect themselves against predisposing factors and situations that prove to be very dangerous to their safety. Sex education will enable girls make their informed decisions and be responsible to their own actions and consequences. Conclusion Teen pregnancy is a major problem affecting girl child education worldwide. The increased teenage pregnancy rate is due to the change in lifestyles such as availability of pornography, drug abuse, peer pressure, increased fertility, and poverty. Teenage pregnancy poses many challenges to the families and education system translating into serious socioeconomic problems in the society that need immediate attention to address. Teenagers are young and quite innocent on the consequences of teenage pregnancies, so they need proper parental and school guidance on the knowledge of sexuality and pregn ancy.

Knock the writers block - Emphasis

Knock the writers block Knock the writers block Most people have felt the curse of the dreaded writers block: that plummeting feeling of panic that takes hold as you stare hopelessly at a blank page, or at that accursed flashing cursor. If youre afflicted with this condition, youre in good company. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Ralph Ellison and F. Scott Fitzgerald are all said to have been fellow sufferers. So dont despair just read on to help release the report (or proposal, letter, webpage) within. The block explained The main reason for writers block is anxiety. And our worries may stem from several causes for example, we: dont understand the brief want our document to be just too perfect have too much information have too little information have too little time. A second reason for not being able to get going is boredom we may feel totally uninspired by the piece we have to write. Finally, and quite understandably, we might just have too much going on in our lives outside work and cant concentrate on the task in hand. The block strikes Wherever it comes from, that horrible state of blankness can be utterly debilitating. The times were most likely to have difficulty are right at the beginning and around the conclusion of our piece of work. Breaking the block Luckily, there are many ways to solve this problem. And here are some that will save your document and your sanity. Plan properly You can reduce your anxiety enormously by planning properly. To do this well, make sure you ask your line manager or reader enough questions about the brief before you begin. You may start off feeling quite confident, but this can quickly evaporate if youre not entirely sure where youre headed and why. Try drawing a spidergram: put the topic or title at the centre and make each leg an important aspect you need to cover. Ask yourself what you need to say about each of these aspects: asking yourself the who-what-why-how-where questions will help to make sure youve got it all down. Leave off the hair shirt Dont beat yourself up, itll only add to the feeling of frustration. Instead, put it in perspective and consider the readers point of view. This will take your focus away from your own fears, as well as producing a document that will be best for your intended audience. If youre just feeling a bit fed up with it all, try to remember what made you enthusiastic about your subject in the first place or why it is a worthy topic. After all, if youre bored with what you write, why should anyone else want to read it? Manage your time If your problem is procrastination, then set a time to start and stick to it. If the whole task seems huge and overwhelming, tell yourself you will just do fifteen minutes then have a break. Chopping assignments into chunks makes the whole process feel more manageable. Find out more on a writing skills course You can boost your business-writing confidence still further by attending one of our High-impact business writing courses. You can learn a surprising amount from our expert trainers in as little as one day, and become much more able and enthusiastic about your writing.

Contemporary Theories Of Knowledge Research Paper

Contemporary Theories Of Knowledge - Research Paper Example Meaning and purpose are often taken to mean the same thing but in this case, they will be taken to mean different things. Personal lives may be taken to mean an individual’s account of his/her experience but for the sake of this essay, I will take personal lives as the generalized experience of people rather than the effect on my own personal life. This is because one person’s account of existence cannot explain fully the extent to which knowledge produces meaning and purpose as some knowledge is second-hand. Knowledge for Plato is â€Å"justified true belief† (Lagemaat 24; Lemos 9; Russell, n.p). The â€Å"whole point† of knowledge as this would mean that the absolute or only point of knowledge is to produce meaning and purpose hence one has to agree or disagree with the statement but not to a certain extent. However, I will argue that knowledge produces meaning but sometimes does not produce purpose in our lives. Although knowledge influences our purpose in life, purpose can be achieved through different ways without knowledge. As stated earlier, knowledge is ‘justified true belief.† However, the concepts of truth and belief need the explanation as they are controversial concepts. According to Dunn, the truth is â€Å"things that can be justified and believed in† (n.p). It distinguishes knowledge from belief hence what we claim to know must be true, if mere belief, it is true or false (Lagemaat 24). As such, believing that something is true does not make it true. According to the correspondence theory of truth, we can know if something is true through our sense experience while for coherence theory, a proposition must match with what we know to be true. Knowledge can also be true if the majority of people believe in it (Dunn, n.p). For pragmatists, the truth is whatever is useful to us.

Cyber Security Information Technology Research Paper

Cyber Security Information Technology - Research Paper Example Their motives are divergent, with some being political while others are just for malicious purposes. This has prompted various government and security agencies to intervene in order to rescue the situation. This paper will analyze cyber security, those likely to be involved in network hacking and the role of the government in protecting infrastructures vulnerable to cyber attacks. Difference between information assurance and cyber security There is a distinct difference between information assurance and cyber security. On one hand, information assurance entails putting in place measures that protect information and information systems, which ensures their availability, reliability, non-repudiation and discretion (Westfall, 2011). The information may either be electronic or general information within an organization. While dealing with electronic information, the system must be able to address the confidentiality concerns, by either introducing passwords or physically protecting the h ardware. Likewise, the information system must be in a position to monitor all the information and direct it to the legitimate users (The national Technical Authority for Information Assurance, 2011). Broadly, information assurance aims at ensuring that information moves to the right person at the right time and place. On the other hand, cyber security involves the effort of the organization or individuals to protect valuable information through preventing, detecting and even responding to prevailing threats. In cyber security, most of the attacks are online, since the process involves the use of the internet, although physical safety is necessary due to the protection of hardware involved in the transmission of information. Some of the threats involved are more serious, although this is subject to the ability of the organization to deal with them (McDowell & Householder, 2009). There are two broad categories of cyber attacks. One is when an attacker studies the security of the syst em and develops malicious programs to destroy the servers. The other attack is the zero-day attack, in which case the attacker bombards the system even before implementing the security measures (Fujiwara, 2006). Potential hackers and their motives Hackers have varied reasons for hacking into a cyber network. It is important to note that anyone can qualify to be a hacker, as long as there is an intention to access private information without permission. The leading cyber threat involves the financial sector, in which case the hackers engage in a number of ways. The first case is account takeover whereby criminals exploit financial and online systems, taking over the functions of the account holders. The aim of this crime is to pose as the legitimate owner, as this gives the criminals access to the accounts. Eventually, the criminals transfer all the cash to their accounts or withdraw the cash for their personal use. Another group of hackers consists of those criminals who engage in t he third party payment processor breaches. In this case, hackers target large multinational companies, which have a large network of payment processors. By compromising the personal identifiable information of the employees of such companies, the hackers go ahead to seek payment or other financial benefits from the employer. Their aim is to siphon as much cash as possible before the organization realizes it is not dealing with the real employees (Snow,

History Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Today - Essay Example The causal ordering follows to provide modal categories for the factual propositions. In this system the logical contradiction is resolved by ordering the factual propositions. These will be according to the causal categories. 1 The counterfactual cause involves the unconventional views from the point of Niall Ferguson a Scottish Historian. These views are regarding the imperialism and the origins of conflict in the twentieth century. He is a specialist in financial and economic history. His recent publication is ‘The War of the World† in 2006. He has become historian inspired by AJP Taylor. Ferguson’s significance lies in his well versed nature in economic matters as he was in history matters. He wrote a book named cash nexus arguing that the money makes the world go around is wrong and proved that the human actins are more important for history to go around. He feels that the US is not sufficiently in the affairs of the world. In his books Colossus and Empire, he shows potential virtues of US when compared to British Empire. He also analyzed the World War I that generated much controversy. In that he suggested that it could have been more beneficial to Europe if Britain has stayed out o f the war by Germany making a win. 2 2.1Fergusson’s Significance: He is considered as a leading champion of counterfactual history that involves the counterfactual cause. It is because he likes to imagine alternative outcomes as a way of stressing the contingency aspects in the history. According to his counterfactual causal analysis of history, the great forces are not only responsible for the history and in fact the individual’s doings pre determine the course of history. He argues that the world is neither progressing nor regressing. His view is that the actions of individuals will determine the better or worse world. His book the war of the world explains the violent 20th century. According to his argument the economic volatility, ethnic